Osteoporosis (Greek for “porous bone”) is a disease of decreased bone density leading to a predisposition to fractures. Osteoporosis is extremely common, affecting more than 200 million people worldwi...
Frailty is a state of vulnerability associated with aging, physiological decline, and depleted reserves. Frail people have impaired homoeostasis. As such, a relatively minor stressor event (such as a...
Diabetes is a medical condition characterized by many complications, including neuropathy and peripheral artery disease. Loss of sensation in neuropathy can lead to ulceration of the skin and accelera...
Morton's neuroma (also known as an intermetatarsal or interdigital neuroma) is a common cause of forefoot pain. It presents as a sharp, burning sensation in the affected web-space, which often radiate...
An imbalance between the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the foot can produce deformities of the lesser toes. These deformities are classified by how the separate toe joints are affected. Hammertoe...
Disorders of the great toe (the hallux, in medical terminology) include degenerative arthritis (hallux rigidus), bunions (hallux valgus), gout, and traumatic conditions (such as sesamoiditis or turf t...
Metatarsal fractures are common injuries to the foot often sustained with direct blows or twisting forces. Many of these fractures are easy to treat and have a favorable prognosis. However, metatarsal...
An injury to the tarsometatarsal joint is known by the eponym “Lisfranc injury.” These types of injuries include sprains of the midfoot ligaments, fractures, or a combination of the two. Midfoot traum...
Important tendons cross the anterior, medial and lateral aspects of the ankle. These include, respectively, the tibialis anterior; the tibialis posterior; and the pair of peroneal tendons (peroneus lo...
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a condition that causes pain in the foot due to traction and compression of the tibial nerve within the tarsal tunnel. The tarsal tunnel is located in the ankle behind the me...
