Orthopaedia
Plantar fasciitis is a common source of pain under the heel (Figure 1). The etiology of the condition is thought to be overuse, with traction and shear forces applied to the plantar fascia causing microscopic injuries to the tissue. It is not a purely inflammatory condition as the “itis” suffix would suggest. Classic findings of plantar fasciitis include pain and tenderness in the heel at the junction of the plantar fascia and the medial calcaneal tuberosity. Symptoms are usually worse with...
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Orthopaedia
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory condition where the body’s immune system attacks the joints and causes inflammation of the joint lining (synovium). Typically RA is a symmetrical polyarthritis, affecting multiple small joints of the hands and feet bilaterally, and more than 90% of RA patients develop symptoms in the foot and ankle over time. Full Article - ...
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Orthopaedia
Chondral injuries of the knee are lesions of the articularcartilage of the knee joint. (The colloquial expression “cartilage damage” might also include meniscal tears, which is an altogether separate category of disease.) Chondral injuries include both single focal defects and diffuse damage more characteristic of degenerative joint disease. Acute focal defects can accompany injuries such as an ACL tear and patellar dislocation. Articular cartilage damage can be seen with or without changes...
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Orthopaedia
The hand is susceptible to infection by virtue of its intimate contact with the outside world, its great surface area and its propensity for injury. That is, the hand is exposed frequently to infectious organisms, and these organisms are frequently given a point of entry.
The specialized anatomy of the hand, particularly the tendon sheaths and deep fascial spaces, create distinct pathways for infection to spread. In addition, even fully cleared infections of the hand can result in significant...
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Orthopaedia
When children are nearing the end of their growth, the distal tibial physis does not close all at once. Rather, the central region of the physis begins to close first. The medial region closes next, and the lateral region is last. Because the open physis is weaker than the nearby bone, common patterns of “transitional” ankle fractures occur.
The triplane fracture is Salter-Harris Type IV injury involving the epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis. In this injury, there are, as the name implies,...
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