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Rotator Cuff Tear Diagnosis & Repair

Rotator Cuff Tears: Diagnosis and Arthroscopic Repair

Rotator cuff tears are a common source of shoulder pain and disability, affecting individuals of all ages, though they are more frequent in those over 40 years of age and those engaging in repetitive overhead activities1. This comprehensive review explores the diagnosis and arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears, encompassing various repair techniques and rehabilitation protocols.

Diagnosis of Rotator Cuff Tears

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for the effective management of rotator cuff tears. The diagnostic process typically involves a combination of physical examination and imaging techniques.

Physical Examination

During a physical … Read more

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Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Pseudo Paralysis: Outcomes and Influencing Factors

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a surgical procedure used to treat various shoulder conditions, including rotator cuff tear arthropathy (CTA), proximal humerus fractures, and failed shoulder arthroplasty 1. RSA is considered when a patient has arthritis of the shoulder joint and the rotator cuff tendons are torn or gone, or when the rotator cuff tendons are torn, and the person cannot lift their arm 2. It is also an option for those who have had a previous standard shoulder replacement that was unsuccessful or for certain shoulder fractures… Read more

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Radial head fracture management review

Surgical Management and Post-Operative Rehabilitation of Radial Head Fractures

Radial head fractures are a common injury, representing a significant portion (approximately 33%) of all elbow fractures in adults 1. The estimated incidence is 2.5-2.8 per 10,000 inhabitants per year, with older females and younger males being more commonly affected 3. These fractures typically occur due to a fall on an outstretched hand with the forearm in pronation, resulting in axial load, valgus and/or rotating forces across the elbow 3. This force is transmitted through the hand and forearm, causing the radial head to impact the capitellum 3… Read more

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Proximal Humerus Fracture Management

Management of Proximal Humerus Fractures

Proximal humerus fractures (PHF) are a common injury, representing the third most frequent fracture in older adults, and are often associated with osteoporosis 1. They occur in a bimodal distribution, affecting younger patients who experience high-energy trauma and older patients with low-energy falls 3. Proximal humerus fractures include fractures to the anatomical neck, surgical neck, greater tuberosity, or lesser tuberosity, either in isolation or combination 4. Apart from bone fragility, other risk factors for PHF include those related to falls, such as low levels of physical activity, impaired balance, or lower limb … Read more

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Massive rotator cuff tear repair

Surgical Reconstruction of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears

The rotator cuff, a group of four muscles and their tendons, plays a vital role in shoulder function. These muscles and tendons help stabilize the shoulder, rotate and lift the arm, and allow for a wide range of motion. A rotator cuff tear occurs when one or more of these tendons is torn. Rotator cuff tears are a common cause of shoulder pain and disability, especially in older adults. Tears can be caused by injury, overuse, or aging1. Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) involve a significant defect in the rotator cuff, … Read more

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Hand Infection Diagnosis and Treatment

Common Hand Infections: A Review of Diagnosis and Treatment

Hand infections are a common presentation in both primary care and emergency settings1. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious complications, such as tendon rupture, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of three common hand infections: paronychia, felon, and flexor tendon sheath infections. It is crucial to recognize these conditions promptly and provide appropriate management to help prevent serious complications and preserve hand function234.

Paronychia

Definition

Paronychia is an infection of the skin surrounding the nail. It can be acute (lasting … Read more

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Distal radius fracture management

Distal Radius Fracture Management

Distal radius fractures are prevalent orthopedic injuries, often resulting from falls onto an outstretched hand. They affect individuals of all ages, with a higher incidence in children and older adults1. Effective management of these fractures is crucial for restoring wrist function and minimizing long-term complications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of distal radius fracture management, encompassing non-operative and surgical treatment options, criteria for treatment selection, and potential complications.

Non-Operative Treatment

Non-operative treatment is typically the preferred approach for stable, minimally displaced fractures2. The primary goal is to immobilize the fracture to … Read more

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Distal humerus fracture management

Distal Humerus Fractures: Surgical Management and Post-Operative Rehabilitation

Distal humerus fractures, breaks in the lower end of the upper arm bone (humerus), are a complex injury that can significantly impact elbow joint function. These fractures represent approximately 2% of all fractures and 30% of elbow fractures, with a rising incidence. They are most often caused by falls directly on the elbow, high-energy impacts in younger populations (such as those sustained during motor vehicle collisions), and falls on an outstretched arm with the elbow held tightly to brace against the fall1. This comprehensive review delves into the surgical management … Read more

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Congenital Hand Differences Review

Congenital Hand Differences: A Review of Diagnosis and Treatment

Congenital hand differences encompass a spectrum of limb malformations present at birth. These differences can significantly impact hand function and aesthetics, necessitating comprehensive diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies 1. This article reviews three common congenital hand differences: polydactyly, syndactyly, and cleft hand, examining their diagnosis, treatment options, potential complications, and long-term outcomes.

Polydactyly

Polydactyly, derived from the Greek words “poly” (many) and “daktylos” (finger), is characterized by the presence of one or more extra fingers or toes. It is one of the most prevalent congenital hand abnormalities, affecting approximately 1 … Read more

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Clavicle Fracture Management and Complications

Clavicle Fracture Management

Clavicle fractures are a common injury, accounting for 2% to 10% of all fractures1. They are one of the most fractured bones in the body3. Symptoms of a broken clavicle include severe pain and swelling at the site of the fracture, and in some cases, a visible deformity3. Clavicle fractures occur most frequently in men younger than 25 years old due to sports injuries and in patients older than 55 years old due to falls2. The middle third of the clavicle is the most common location for fractures (69% … Read more

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